noun
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the act or process of cleaning, cleansing, removing the adulterants.
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the act or process of straining something passing it through a screen, seive, filter, etc.
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careful, systematic, patient study and investigation in some field of knowledge, undertaken to discover or establish facts or principles; research.
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an act of searching; scrutiny, inquiry or examination in an attempt to find something, gain knowledge, establish facts, etc.; search.
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a correcting or being corrected; correction.
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a repaying of a debt completely.
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an inventing of a new device, process, solution, etc. for the first time; a (scientific) invetion.