the quality of being hard, rough or coarse; harshness; roughness.

the quality or fact of being unpleasantly crude, offensive to the mind or feelings of excessively severe; crudeness; severity.

the quality or state of being void of pity; cruelness.

the quality of being not easy to understand, perform or deal with; the condition or fact of being difficult; difficulty.

the power of, and resistance to hardships in life.

(min./geol.) power of, and resistance to scratching; hardness.

loved very much; most beloved.

a dog, usu. having no master, wandering freely in the town; a street dog.

= ಕಾಠಿನ್ಯ.

the dog, Cuon alpinus; a red coloured wild dog, which hunts in packs, attacking even large game; a dhole.