the act, fact or condition of being bound, tied or fastened.

a regulating or being regulated; regulation.

that by which something happens; a cause.

a formal, lengthy treatise on some subject based on original research, as the one written as per the requirements for getting a doctorate from a university; a thesis; a dissertation.

a short, prose composition usu. on a non-technical matter, written in a reflective or lighter mood, expressive of the author's way of looking at the subject; an essay.

an old kind of tax.

(gram.) composition of sentences.

an archaic tax.

= ನಿಬಂದಿ.